UNIT-I 
Tissue systems: Meristematic, shoot apex, root apex; simple and complex permanent tissues, special tissues; internal structure of primary dicot stem & root (Helianthus); secondary growth in dicot stem & root (Helianthus); internal structure of monocot stem & root (Zea mays); differences between dicot stem and monocot stem; differences between dicot root and monocot root.
                                                        UNIT-II 
Anomalous stem structure in Boerhaavia, Nyctanthes, Mirabilis and Dracaena. Various methods of vegetative propagation; micropropagation, basic technique and its importance.
                                                         UNIT-III 
Types of pollination, advantages and disadvantages of self and cross-pollination; contrivances for self and cross-pollination, various agencies to bring about cross-pollination, characters of flowers pollinated by different agencies. 
                                                         UNIT-IV 
Seed formation: Development of endosperm and embryo. Fruit development, maturation and parthenocarpy.Significance of seed: Suspended animation; ecological adaptation and dispersal strategies.