Semester 2019-2020
                                                     UNIT-I  (8 Hrs.) 
Alcohols and Phenols: Classification and nomenclature Monohydric alcohols-Nomenclature, methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Hydrogen bonding. Acidic nature. Reactions of alcohols. Dihydric and Trihydric alcohols-Nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols and glycerol. Preparation of phenols, physical properties and acidic character. Comparative acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols, resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion. Reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, acylation and carboxylation. Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Gatterman synthesis, and Reimer-Tiemann reaction.  
                                                        UNIT-II  (8 Hrs.) 
Aldehydes and Ketones I Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group. Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chorides, synthesis of aldehydes and ketones using 1,3-dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from carboxylic acids. Physical properties. 
                                                        UNIT-III  (7 Hrs.)
Aldehydes and Ketones-II Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations. Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Wittig reaction, Mannich reaction. Use of acetals as protecting group. Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones, Cannizzaro reaction, MPV, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4 reductions.
                                                          UNIT-IV
Carboxylic Acids:(7 Hrs.)Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids, effects of substitutions on acid strength. Preparations of carboxylic acids. Reactions of carboxylic acids. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Synthesis of acid chlorides, esters and amides, Reduction of carboxylic acids. Mechanism of decarboxylation. Methods of formation and chemical reactions of halo acids. Hydroxyl acids: Malic, tartaric and citricacids(structural features only). Methods of formation and chemical reactions of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids: Methods of formation and effects of heat and hydrating agents.